Written by the distinguished Persian Islamic scholar Abū al-Qāsim al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī (d. early 11th century CE / early 5th century AH), Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (المفردات في غريب القرآن) – often shortened to Al-Mufradāt – is a lexicon of Qur’anic vocabulary , with special focus on gharīb (rare, unusual, or ambiguous) terms.