| Data | Old Machine | New Machine | |------|-------------|-------------| | Initial cost (€) | 0 (already owned) | 500,000 | | Annual savings | — | 150,000 | | Useful life | 2 years | 5 years | | Salvage value | 20,000 | 50,000 | | WACC | 10% | 10% |
| Criterion | Formula | Decision Rule | Weakness | |-----------|---------|---------------|----------| | Payback Period | Initial Investment / Annual Cash Flow | Accept if < cutoff | Ignores TVM and cash flows after payback | | Discounted Payback | Same but discounted | Accept if < cutoff | Ignores post-payback | | Net Present Value (NPV) | Σ (CFt / (1+r)^t) – Initial Outlay | Accept if NPV > 0 | Requires accurate discount rate | | Internal Rate of Return (IRR) | Rate that makes NPV = 0 | Accept if IRR > hurdle rate | Multiple IRRs for non-conventional flows | | Profitability Index | PV of future CF / Initial Outlay | Accept if >1 | Ranking issues with mutually exclusive projects | Finance For Managers Eduardo Martinez Abascal Pdf
Always prioritize NPV. IRR can mislead when comparing projects of different scale or duration. 5. Cost of Capital (WACC) The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is the minimum return a firm must earn on its existing asset base to satisfy creditors and shareholders. | Data | Old Machine | New Machine