Hyperventilation 5 Vostfr- Here

¹ Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ² Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, City, Country ³ Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Science, City, Country

Hyperventilation, VOSTFR, respiratory physiology, acute care, targeted therapy, ventilatory control 1. Introduction Hyperventilation, defined as an increase in alveolar ventilation that exceeds metabolic CO₂ production, leads to arterial hypocapnia (PaCO₂ < 35 mmHg) and a cascade of neuro‑vascular and metabolic effects (Brown & Smith, 2021). While often benign, severe or prolonged episodes can precipitate cerebral vasoconstriction, tetany, arrhythmias, and, in extreme cases, loss of consciousness (Klein et al., 2020).

Current clinical practice typically categorizes hyperventilation into , metabolic , and neurologic types (American Thoracic Society, 2019). However, this taxonomy does not capture the multidimensional nature of the response, which involves intertwined ventilatory, autonomic, thermoregulatory, and respiratory‐muscle components. Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR-

The framework proposes a five‑axis model:

Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑: A Novel Classification and Therapeutic Framework for Acute Respiratory Dysregulation axis‑specific therapeutic algorithm.

[Your Name], MD, PhD Email: your.email@university.edu Abstract Background: Hyperventilation is a common physiologic response to metabolic, psychogenic, and neurologic stressors. Existing classifications lack granularity in distinguishing sub‑phenotypes that differ in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy. The “Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑” (Ventilatory‑Oscillatory‑Sympathetic‑Thermoregulatory‑Respiratory) framework proposes five distinct mechanistic axes to better characterize acute hyperventilatory events.

To validate the 5 VOSTFR‑ model in a prospective cohort of adult patients presenting with acute hyperventilation and to assess the efficacy of a targeted, axis‑specific therapeutic algorithm. and neurologic types (American Thoracic Society

[Your Name], MD, PhD¹; [Co‑author Name], MD²; [Co‑author Name], PhD³