Indirect Speech — Reported Speech

| Deictic Element | Direct (Original Center) | Indirect (Reporter’s Center) | |----------------|--------------------------|------------------------------| | Person (I/you) | Speaker → “I” | Reporter → he/she/they | | Time (now) | “now” → then, at that moment | | Place (here) | “here” → there, in that place | | Proximity (this/these) | “this” → that, those |