Member force (axial): [ F = \sigma A = \frac\delta AEL ] Carry-over factor (for prismatic member): 1/2 Member stiffness: [ k = \frac4EIL \quad (\textfixed far end) \quad \textor \quad k = \frac3EIL \quad (\textpinned far end) ]
[ \tau_\textavg = \fracVQI b ]
Distribution factor at joint: [ DF = \frack_i\sum k ] Rectangle (width (b), height (h)): [ I = \fracb h^312, \quad A = bh ] structural analysis formulas pdf